Know different types of Prenatal Testing for Women

 Prenatal testing has completely changed how pregnancies are handled. They provide valuable information about the health and well-being of the developing fetus and the expectant mother. The purpose of these tests is to identify genetic abnormalities and possible health problems early in pregnancy. That enables parents and medical professionals to make sensible decisions. We discuss the different types of prenatal testing in this post, highlighting the importance of genetic testing during pregnancy

Prenatal Testing in pregnancy


Different types of Prenatal Testing in pregnancy

Prenatal testing includes a variety of techniques intended to evaluate the mother's and the fetus's health. These tests are used for a number of reasons, like tracking the overall health of the pregnancy, diagnosing genetic diseases. And identifying potential congenital impairments. There are two types of prenatal testing and they are: diagnostic tests and screening tests.

Screening Tests

1. Screening in First-Trimester 
This screening test is done between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. It analyzes the possibility of chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome by combining an ultrasound with a blood test.

2. Quadruple Screen

This blood test, is carried out between weeks 16 to18. It measures the concentrations of four different chemicals to determine the likelihood of Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and other chromosomal abnormalities.

3. MSAFP (Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein) Test 
This blood test, is done between weeks 15 to 20. It looks for chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube irregularities by measuring the levels of alpha-fetoprotein
.

4. Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
This screening test uses the mother's blood to examine cell-free fetal DNA. It accurately identifies chromosomal abnormalities, including Patau syndrome, Down syndrome, and Edwards syndrome.

Diagnostic Tests

1. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
this test is performed between weeks 10 to 13. In this a tiny sample of placental tissue is extracted during CVS, to identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic diseases.

2. Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS)
this is an invasive surgery to take fetal blood from the umbilical cord later in pregnancy (beyond 20 weeks). It enables the detection of several genetic abnormalities.

3. Amniocentesis
It is carried out between weeks 15 to 20. In this a sample of amniotic fluid is collected to look for neural tube anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities.

Types of Prenatal Genetic Testing

Pregnancy-related genetic testing is necessary for detecting some hereditary illnesses and learning more about the fetus's genetic composition. These tests offer vital information that can help influence decisions about the health of the unborn child and the pregnancy.

1. Single-Gene Tests
To find exact genetic mutations linked to certain illnesses, like sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis, they used these targeted tests.

2. Carrier Screening
It analyzes the parents' risk of passing on genetic abnormalities to their offspring. And it can be done either before or during pregnancy. For couples whose genetic disorders run in the family, prenatal genetic testing is important.

 Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) & Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)

Cutting-edge technologies offer a thorough understanding of the genetic composition and identify possible hazards. For that they analyze the complete genome or the sections that code for proteins.

Expanded Carrier Screening
It is a more thorough type of carrier screening that checks for a wide range of genetic disorders. And provides an in-depth assessment of the possible risks.

Conclusion

Prenatal testing, ranges from screening tests that determine chances of chromosomal abnormalities to diagnostic tests that provide a final diagnosis. It has completely changed world of prenatal care by providing insights into the health of developing fetus and expectant mother. The different types of prenatal testing options available gives parents the power to make sensible choices regarding their prenatal journey. Visit onpage

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